| Ordnungszahl: |
83 |
| Name: |
Bismuth |
| Namensursprung: |
German: bisemutum, (white mass), Now spelled wismut. |
| Entdeckung: |
Known to the ancients. |
| Beschreibung: |
Hard, brittle, steel-gray metal with a pink tint. |
| Vorkommen: |
It can be found free in nature and in minerals like bismuthine (Bi2O3) and in bismuth ochre (Bi2O3) |
| Verwendung: |
Main use is in pharmaceuticals and low melting point alloys used as fuses. |
| Gruppe: |
Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
208.98037 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
271.3°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
1560°C +/-5°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
9.8 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,18,32,18,5 |
| Orbitale: |
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 |
| Valenzen: |
3,5 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
7.289 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
16.687 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
25.559 V |
| Atomradius: |
1.63 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.12 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
104.80 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
11.30 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
13.4 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
0 |
0 |
10839.2 |
13024 |
2422.54 |
2525.68 |
|
|
|
| Å |
0 |
0 |
1.14386 |
0.95197 |
5.11799 |
4.90899 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
90521 |
16387 |
15710 |
13418 |
3999 |
3697 |
3177 |
2688 |
2580 |
| Å |
0.13696 |
0.75660 |
0.78921 |
0.92402 |
3.10041 |
3.35368 |
3.90259 |
4.61255 |
4.80564 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
96.9% |
0% |
39.6% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Bi204 |
0% |
204 |
6 |
11.2h |
EC |
| Bi205 |
0% |
205 |
9/2 |
15.31d |
EC,β+ |
| Bi206 |
0% |
206 |
6 |
6.243d |
EC,β+ |
| Bi207 |
0% |
207 |
9/2 |
32.2y |
EC,β+ |
| Bi208 |
0% |
208 |
5/2 |
3.68E05y |
EC |
| Bi209 |
100% |
208.98 |
9/2 |
|
Stable |
| Bi210 |
0% |
210 |
1 |
5.01d |
β-,α |
| Bi210m |
0% |
210 |
9 |
3.0E06y |
α |
| Bi211 |
0% |
211.987 |
9/2 |
2.14m |
α,β- |
| Bi212 |
0% |
212.997 |
0 |
1.009h |
β-,α |
| Bi213 |
0% |
213 |
9/2 |
45.6m |
β-,α |
| Bi214 |
0% |
214 |
1 |
19.9m |
β-,α |
| Bi215 |
0% |
215 |
0 |
7m |
β- |
|
