| Ordnungszahl: |
81 |
| Name: |
Thallium |
| Namensursprung: |
Greek: thallos (green twig), for a bright green line in its spectrum. |
| Entdeckung: |
1861 by Sir William Crookes in England |
| Beschreibung: |
Soft gray metal that looks like lead. |
| Vorkommen: |
Found in iron pyrites. Also in crookesite, hutchinsonite and lorandite. Most is recovered from the byproducts of lead and zinc refining. |
| Verwendung: |
Its compounds are used in rat and ant poisons. Also for detecting infrared radiation. |
| Gruppe: |
Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
204.3833 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
303.5°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
1457°C +/-10°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
11.85 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,18,32,18,3 |
| Orbitale: |
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 |
| Valenzen: |
1,3 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
6.1083 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
20.428 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
29.829 V |
| Atomradius: |
2.08 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.13 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
164.10 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
4.142 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
29.9 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
0 |
0 |
10268.9 |
12213.7 |
2270.79 |
2362.08 |
|
|
|
| Å |
0 |
0 |
1.20739 |
1.01513 |
5.46001 |
5.24899 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
85525 |
15346 |
14697 |
12657 |
3704 |
3416 |
2957 |
2485 |
2390 |
| Å |
0.14497 |
0.80793 |
0.84361 |
0.97958 |
3.34734 |
3.62955 |
4.19295 |
4.98935 |
5.18767 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
96.7% |
0% |
37.6% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Tl200 |
0% |
200 |
2 |
1.087d |
EC,β+ |
| Tl201 |
0% |
201 |
1/2 |
3.038d |
EC |
| Tl202 |
0% |
202 |
2 |
12.23d |
EC,β+ |
| Tl203 |
29.52% |
202.972 |
1/2 |
|
Stable |
| Tl204 |
0% |
204 |
2 |
3.78y |
β-,EC |
| Tl205 |
70.48% |
204.974 |
1/2 |
|
Stable |
| Tl206 |
0% |
206 |
0 |
4.20m |
β- |
| Tl207 |
0% |
207 |
0 |
4.77m |
β- |
| Tl208 |
0% |
208 |
0 |
3.053m |
β- |
| Tl209 |
0% |
209 |
1/2 |
2.20m |
β- |
| Tl210 |
0% |
210 |
0 |
1.30m |
β- |
|
