| Ordnungszahl: |
72 |
| Name: |
Hafnium |
| Namensursprung: |
From Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen. |
| Entdeckung: |
1923 by Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy in Denmark |
| Beschreibung: |
Silvery, ductile metal. |
| Vorkommen: |
Obtained from mineral zircon or baddeleyite. |
| Verwendung: |
Used in reactor control rods because of its ability to absorb neutrons. |
| Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
178.49 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
2227°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
4602°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
13.2 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,18,32,10,2 |
| Orbitale: |
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
| Valenzen: |
4 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
6.8251 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
14.925 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
23.32 V |
| Atomradius: |
2.16 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.14 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
575.0 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
24.060 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
5.9 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
0 |
0 |
7899.27 |
9023.03 |
1644.59 |
1697.73 |
|
|
|
| Å |
0 |
0 |
1.56958 |
1.3741 |
7.53899 |
7.30301 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
64347 |
11270 |
10739 |
9561 |
2601 |
2366 |
2108 |
1717 |
1662 |
| Å |
0.19268 |
1.10014 |
1.15453 |
1.29678 |
4.76684 |
5.2403 |
5.88166 |
7.22105 |
7.46001 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
95.4% |
0% |
28.3% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Hf172 |
0% |
172 |
0 |
1.87y |
EC |
| Hf174 |
0.18% |
173.94 |
0 |
2.0E15y |
α |
| Hf175 |
0% |
175 |
5/2 |
70d |
EC |
| Hf176 |
5.2% |
175.941 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Hf177 |
18.5% |
176.943 |
7/2 |
|
Stable |
| Hf178 |
27.14% |
177.944 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Hf179 |
13.75% |
178.946 |
9/2 |
|
Stable |
| Hf180 |
35.24% |
179.947 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Hf181 |
0% |
181 |
1/2 |
42.4d |
β- |
| Hf182 |
0% |
182 |
0 |
9E06y |
β- |
|
