| Ordnungszahl: |
48 |
| Name: |
Cadmium |
| Namensursprung: |
Greek: kadmeia (ancient name for calamine (zinc oxide)). |
| Entdeckung: |
1817 by Fredrich Stromeyer in Germany |
| Beschreibung: |
Soft, malleable, blue-white metal. |
| Vorkommen: |
Obtained as a by product of zinc refining. |
| Verwendung: |
Used in NiCd batteries. Also in electroplating steel and in the manufacture of bearings. Its compounds are found in paint pigments and a wide variety of intense colors. Boiling cadmium gives off a weird, yellow-colored vapor that is poisonous. |
| Gruppe: |
Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
112.411 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
320.9°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
765°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
8.65 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,18,18,2 |
| Orbitale: |
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 |
| Valenzen: |
2 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
8.9937 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
16.908 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
37.48 V |
| Atomradius: |
1.71 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.23 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
99.570 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
6.192 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
30.8 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
23110.9 |
26096.7 |
3133.83 |
3316.69 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
0.53648 |
0.4751 |
3.95635 |
3.73823 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
26711 |
4018 |
3727 |
3538 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
440.8 |
0 |
| Å |
0.46417 |
3.08575 |
3.32668 |
3.50439 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
28.1274 |
0 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
84% |
0% |
6.9% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Cd106 |
1.22% |
105.906 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Cd108 |
0.88% |
107.904 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Cd109 |
0% |
109 |
5/2 |
462d |
EC |
| Cd110 |
12.39% |
109.903 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Cd111 |
12.75% |
110.904 |
1/2 |
|
Stable |
| Cd111m |
0% |
111 |
11/2 |
48.5m |
IT |
| Cd112 |
24.07% |
111.903 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Cd113 |
12.26% |
112.904 |
1/2 |
9E15y |
β- |
| Cd113m |
0% |
113 |
11/2 |
14.1y |
β-,IT |
| Cd114 |
28.86% |
113.903 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Cd115 |
0% |
115 |
1/2 |
2.228d |
β- |
| Cd115m |
0% |
115 |
11/2 |
44.6d |
β- |
| Cd116 |
7.58% |
115.905 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Cd117 |
0% |
117 |
1/2 |
2.49h |
β-,β- |
| Cd117m |
0% |
117 |
11/2 |
3.4h |
β-,β- |
|
