|
|
Ruthenium (Ru)
| Ordnungszahl: |
44 |
| Name: |
Ruthenium |
| Namensursprung: |
Latin: Ruthenia (Russia). |
| Entdeckung: |
1844 by Karl Klaus in Russia |
| Beschreibung: |
Rare, extremely brittle, silver-gray metal. |
| Vorkommen: |
Found in pentlandite and pyroxinite. |
| Verwendung: |
Used to harden platinum and palladium. Aircraft magnetos use platinum alloy with 10% ruthenium. |
| Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
101.07 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
2334°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
4150°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
12.2 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,18,15,1 |
| Orbitale: |
[Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
| Valenzen: |
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
7.3605 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
16.76 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
28.47 V |
| Atomradius: |
1.89 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.238 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
595.0 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
24.0 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
6.4 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
19236.9 |
21657.6 |
2558.64 |
2683.33 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
0.64451 |
0.57248 |
4.84575 |
4.62058 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
22117 |
3224 |
2967 |
2838 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
280 |
| Å |
0.56058 |
3.8457 |
4.17881 |
4.36876 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
44.2805 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
79.3% |
0% |
4.7% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Ru96 |
5.51% |
95.9076 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ru97 |
0% |
97 |
5/2 |
2.89d |
EC,EC |
| Ru98 |
1.87% |
97.9053 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ru99 |
12.72% |
98.9059 |
5/2 |
|
Stable |
| Ru100 |
12.62% |
99.9042 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ru101 |
17.07% |
101.906 |
5/2 |
|
Stable |
| Ru102 |
31.61% |
101.904 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ru103 |
0% |
103 |
3/2 |
39.27d |
β-,β- |
| Ru104 |
58.58% |
103.905 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ru105 |
0% |
105 |
3/2 |
4.44h |
β-,β- |
| Ru106 |
0% |
106 |
0 |
1.020y |
β- |
|
|
|
