| Ordnungszahl: |
41 |
| Name: |
Niobium |
| Namensursprung: |
From Niobe; daughter of the mythical Greek king Tantalus. |
| Entdeckung: |
1801 by Charles Hatchet in England |
| Beschreibung: |
Shiny white, soft, ductile metal. |
| Vorkommen: |
Occurs in a mineral columbite. Formerly known as colombium (Cb). It is used in stainless steel alloys for nuclear reactors, jets and missiles. |
| Verwendung: |
Used as an alloy with iron and nickel. It can be used in nuclear reactors and is known to be superconductive when alloyed with tin, aluminum or zirconium. |
| Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
92.90638 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
2468°C +/-10°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
4742°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
8.57 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,18,12,1 |
| Orbitale: |
[Kr] 4d4 5s1 |
| Valenzen: |
2,3,5 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
6.7589 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
14.32 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
25.04 V |
| Atomradius: |
2.08 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.26 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
682.0 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
26.40 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
7.3 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
16584.2 |
18953.4 |
2165.95 |
2257.44 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
0.74761 |
0.65415 |
5.7243 |
5.4923 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
18986 |
2698 |
2465 |
2371 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
204 |
| Å |
0.65303 |
4.59546 |
5.02983 |
5.22925 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
60.7772 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
74.7% |
0% |
3.5% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Nb90 |
0% |
90 |
8 |
14.6h |
β+,EC |
| Nb91 |
0% |
91 |
9/2 |
7E02y |
EC,β+ |
| Nb91m |
0% |
91 |
1/2 |
62d |
IT,EC |
| Nb92 |
0% |
92 |
9/2 |
3.6E07y |
EC |
| Nb92m |
0% |
92 |
2 |
10.13d |
EC,β+ |
| Nb93 |
100% |
92.9064 |
9/2 |
|
Stable |
| Nb93m |
0% |
93 |
1/2 |
16.1y |
IT |
| Nb94 |
0% |
93.9057 |
6 |
2.0E04y |
β- |
| Nb94m |
0% |
94 |
3 |
6.26m |
IT,β- |
| Nb95 |
0% |
94.9065 |
9/2 |
34.97d |
β- |
| Nb95m |
0% |
95 |
1/2 |
3.61d |
IT,β- |
| Nb96 |
0% |
96 |
6 |
23.4h |
β- |
| Nb97 |
0% |
97 |
9/2 |
1.23h |
β- |
| Nb97m |
0% |
97 |
1/2 |
58.1s |
IT |
|
