| Ordnungszahl: |
37 |
| Name: |
Rubidium |
| Namensursprung: |
Latin: rubidus (deep red); the color its salts impart to flames. |
| Entdeckung: |
1861 by R. Bunsen, G. Kirchoff in Germany |
| Beschreibung: |
Soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. |
| Vorkommen: |
Occurs abundantly, but so widespread that production is limited. Usually obtained from lithium production. |
| Verwendung: |
Used as a catalyst, photocells, and vacuum and cathode-ray tubes. |
| Gruppe: |
Alkali Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
85.4678 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
38.89°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
686°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
1.53 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,18,8,1 |
| Orbitale: |
[Kr] 5s1 |
| Valenzen: |
1,2,3,4 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
4.1771 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
27.28 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
40.0 V |
| Atomradius: |
2.98 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.363 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
72.216 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
2.192 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
91 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
13375.9 |
14961.8 |
1694.18 |
1752.22 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
0.92693 |
0.82868 |
7.31831 |
7.0759 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
15200 |
2066 |
1864 |
1805 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
110 |
| Å |
0.81569 |
6.00123 |
6.65158 |
6.869 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
112.714 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
66.9% |
0% |
2.1% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Rb81 |
0% |
81 |
3/2 |
4.57h |
EC,β+ |
| Rb82 |
0% |
82 |
1 |
1.258m |
β+,EC |
| Rb83 |
0% |
83 |
5/2 |
86.2d |
EC,EC |
| Rb84 |
0% |
83.914 |
2 |
32.9d |
EC,β+,β- |
| Rb85 |
72.15% |
84.9118 |
5/2 |
|
Stable |
| Rb85m |
0% |
85 |
0 |
>1E-6s |
IT |
| Rb86 |
0% |
85.911 |
2 |
18.65d |
β-,EC |
| Rb87 |
27.85% |
86.9092 |
3/2 |
4.8E10y |
β- |
| Rb88 |
0% |
88 |
2 |
17.7m |
β- |
| Rb89 |
0% |
89 |
3/2 |
15.44m |
β- |
| Rb90 |
0% |
90 |
1 |
2.6m |
β- |
| Rb90m |
0% |
90 |
4 |
4.3m |
β-,IT |
|
