| Ordnungszahl: |
32 |
| Name: |
Germanium |
| Namensursprung: |
Latin: Germania (Germany). |
| Entdeckung: |
1886 by Clemens Winkler in Germany |
| Beschreibung: |
Grayish-white metal. |
| Vorkommen: |
Obtained from refining copper, zinc and lead. |
| Verwendung: |
Widely used in semiconductors. It is a good semiconductor when combined with tiny amounts of phosphorus, arsenic, gallium, and antimony. |
| Gruppe: |
Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
72.61 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
937.4°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
2830°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
5.323 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,18,4 |
| Orbitale: |
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
| Valenzen: |
2,4 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
7.900 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
15.934 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
34.22 V |
| Atomradius: |
1.52 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.32 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
330.90 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
36.940 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
5.7 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
9876.4 |
10982.5 |
1188.04 |
1218.53 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
1.25537 |
1.12894 |
10.4361 |
10.175 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
11103 |
1415 |
1248 |
1217 |
0 |
123 |
0 |
30.1 |
0 |
| Å |
1.11668 |
8.76222 |
9.93473 |
10.1878 |
0 |
100.801 |
0 |
411.912 |
0 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
54% |
0% |
1% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Ge68 |
0% |
68 |
0 |
270.8d |
EC |
| Ge69 |
0% |
69 |
5/2 |
1.63d |
EC,β+ |
| Ge70 |
20.51% |
69.9242 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ge71 |
0% |
70.925 |
1/2 |
11.4d |
EC |
| Ge72 |
27.43% |
71.9221 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ge73 |
7.76% |
72.9235 |
9/2 |
|
Stable |
| Ge74 |
36.54% |
73.9212 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ge76 |
7.76% |
75.9214 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ge77 |
0% |
77 |
7/2 |
11.3h |
β- |
|
