| Ordnungszahl: |
29 |
| Name: |
Copper |
| Namensursprung: |
Symbol from Latin: cuprum (island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines). |
| Entdeckung: |
Known to the ancients. |
| Beschreibung: |
Malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal. |
| Vorkommen: |
Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. Usually found in sulfides as in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), coveline (CuS), chalcosine (Cu2S) or oxides like cuprite (Cu2O). |
| Verwendung: |
Most often used as an electrical conductor. Also used in the manufacture of water pipes. Its alloys are used in jewelry and for coins. |
| Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
63.546 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
1083°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
2567°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
8.96 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,18,1 |
| Orbitale: |
[Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
| Valenzen: |
1,2 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
7.7264 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
20.292 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
36.83 V |
| Atomradius: |
1.57 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.38 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
300.30 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
13.050 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
16.5 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
8041.39 |
8905.59 |
929.705 |
949.861 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
1.54184 |
1.39222 |
13.336 |
13.053 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
8979 |
1097 |
952.68 |
933.06 |
112.1 |
77.7 |
74.7 |
0 |
0 |
| Å |
1.38084 |
11.3022 |
13.0144 |
13.288 |
110.602 |
159.569 |
165.978 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
44.6% |
0% |
0.6% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Cu61 |
0% |
61 |
3/2 |
3.35h |
β+,EC |
| Cu62 |
0% |
62 |
1 |
9.74m |
β+,EC |
| Cu63 |
69.09% |
62.9296 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
| Cu64 |
0% |
63.93 |
1 |
12.701h |
EC,β-,β+ |
| Cu65 |
30.91% |
64.9278 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
| Cu67 |
0% |
67 |
3/2 |
2.580d |
β- |
|
