| Ordnungszahl: |
28 |
| Name: |
Nickel |
| Namensursprung: |
German: kupfernickel (false copper). |
| Entdeckung: |
1751 by Axel Cronstedt in Sweden |
| Beschreibung: |
Hard, malleable, silvery-white metal. Found in the earth's crust in portions averaging 70 ppm. It can be polished to a lustrous finish. Virtually no corrosion under normal conditions. |
| Vorkommen: |
Chiefly found in pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8] ore. The metal is produced by heating the ore in a blast furnace which replaces the sulfur with oxygen. The oxides are then treated with an acid that reacts with the iron not the nickel. |
| Verwendung: |
Used in electroplating and metal alloys because of its resistance to corrosion. Also in nickel-cadmium batteries; as a catalyst and for coins. |
| Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
58.6934 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
1453°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
2913°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
8.90 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,16,2 |
| Orbitale: |
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 |
| Valenzen: |
0,1,2,3 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
7.6398 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
18.168 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
35.17 V |
| Atomradius: |
1.62 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.44 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
370.40 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
17.470 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
13.4 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
7472.65 |
8264.98 |
851.49 |
868.793 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
1.65919 |
1.50013 |
14.561 |
14.271 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
8333 |
1009 |
870.6 |
853.6 |
0 |
0 |
65.81 |
0 |
0 |
| Å |
1.48788 |
12.2879 |
14.2414 |
14.525 |
0 |
0 |
188.399 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
41.4% |
0% |
0.5% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Ni56 |
0% |
56 |
0 |
6.10d |
EC |
| Ni57 |
0% |
57 |
3/2 |
35.6h |
EC,β+ |
| Ni58 |
67.88% |
57.9353 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ni59 |
0% |
58.934 |
3/2 |
7.6E04y |
EC |
| Ni60 |
26.23% |
59.9308 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ni61 |
1.19% |
60.9311 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
| Ni62 |
3.66% |
61.9283 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ni63 |
0% |
62.93 |
1/2 |
100y |
β- |
| Ni64 |
1.08% |
63.928 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Ni65 |
0% |
65 |
5/2 |
2.517h |
β- |
|
