| Ordnungszahl: |
21 |
| Name: |
Scandium |
| Namensursprung: |
Latin: Scandia, Scandinavia. |
| Entdeckung: |
1879 by Lars Nilson in Sweden |
| Beschreibung: |
Fairly soft, silvery-white metal. Eighth most abundant 'rare earth' found in the earth's crust (5.0 ppm). |
| Vorkommen: |
Occurs mainly in the minerals thortveitile (~34% scandium) and wiikite. Also in some tin and tungsten ores. Pure scandium is obtained as a by-product of uranium refining. |
| Verwendung: |
Scandium metal is used in some aerospace applications. Scandum oxide (Sc2O3) is used in the manufacture of high-intensity electric lamps. Scandium iodide (ScI3) is used in lamps that produce light having a color closely matching natural sunlight. |
| Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
44.955910 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
1541°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
2830°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
3.0 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,9,2 |
| Orbitale: |
[Ar] 3d1 4s2 |
| Valenzen: |
3 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
6.5614 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
12.80 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
24.76 V |
| Atomradius: |
2.09 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.6 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
314.20 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
14.10 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
10.0 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
4089.23 |
4460.55 |
395.488 |
399.695 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
3.032 |
2.7796 |
31.35 |
31.02 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
4493 |
0 |
0 |
401 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Å |
2.75952 |
0 |
0 |
30.9191 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
19% |
0% |
0.1% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Sc44 |
0% |
44 |
2 |
3.927h |
β+,EC |
| Sc45 |
100% |
44.9559 |
7/2 |
|
Stable |
| Sc46 |
0% |
45.955 |
4 |
83.81d |
β- |
| Sc46m |
0% |
46 |
1 |
18.72s |
IT |
| Sc47 |
0% |
47 |
7/2 |
3.349d |
β- |
| Sc48 |
0% |
48 |
6 |
43.67h |
β- |
| Sc49 |
0% |
49 |
7/2 |
57.3m |
β- |
|
