| Ordnungszahl: |
14 |
| Name: |
Silicon |
| Namensursprung: |
Latin: silex, silicus, (flint). |
| Entdeckung: |
1824 by Jöns Berzelius in Sweden |
| Beschreibung: |
Amorphous form is brown power; crystalline form has gray metallic appearance. Seventh most abundant element in the universe. Second most plentiful element in the earths crust. |
| Vorkommen: |
Makes up major portion of clay, granite, quartz (SiO2), and sand. Commercial production depends on a reaction between sand (SiO2) and carbon at a temperature of around 2200°C. |
| Verwendung: |
Used in glass as silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the hardest substances known and used in polishing. Also the crystalline form is used in semiconductors. |
| Gruppe: |
Non-Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
28.0855 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
1410°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
3265°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
2.33 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,8,4 |
| Orbitale: |
[Ne] 3s2 3p2 |
| Valenzen: |
4 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
8.1517 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
16.345 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
33.492 V |
| Atomradius: |
1.46 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
0.71 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
384.220 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
50.550 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
2.6 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
1739.84 |
1829.23 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
7.12625 |
6.77801 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
1839 |
0 |
100.6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Å |
6.742 |
0 |
123.246 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
4.7% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Si28 |
92.21% |
27.9769 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Si29 |
4.7% |
28.9765 |
1/2 |
|
Stable |
| Si30 |
3.09% |
29.9738 |
0 |
|
Stable |
| Si31 |
0% |
30.9753 |
3/2 |
2.62h |
β- |
| Si32 |
0% |
31.974 |
0 |
1.0E02y |
β- |
|
