| Ordnungszahl: |
4 |
| Name: |
Beryllium |
| Namensursprung: |
Greek: beryllos, 'beryl' (a mineral). |
| Entdeckung: |
1798 by Fredrich Wöhler, A.A.Bussy in Germany/France |
| Beschreibung: |
Hard, brittle, steel-gray metal. Lightest rigid metal. Formerly called glucinium (Gl) for its sweet but deadly taste. |
| Vorkommen: |
Found mostly in minerals like beryl [AlBe3(Si6O18)] and chrysoberyl (Al2BeO4). Pure beryllium is obtained by chemically reducing beryl mineral. Also by electrolysis of beryllium chloride. |
| Verwendung: |
Its ability to absorb large amounts of heat makes it useful in spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, etc. Emeralds are beryl crystals with chromium traces giving them their green color. |
| Gruppe: |
Alkali Earth Metal |
| Atomgewicht: |
9.012182 |
| Schmelzpunkt: |
1287°C |
| Siedepunkt: |
2472°C |
| Dichte bei 293 K: |
1.848 g/cm³ |
| Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
| Schalen: |
2,2 |
| Orbitale: |
[He] 2s2 |
| Valenzen: |
2 |
| 1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
9.3226 V |
| 2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
18.211 V |
| 3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
153.893 V |
| Atomradius: |
1.40 Å |
| Spezifische Wärme: |
1.82 J/gK |
| Verdampfungswärme: |
292.40 kJ/mol |
| Schmelzwärme: |
12.20 kJ/mol |
| Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
11.3 10-6 K-1 |
| Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| eV |
108.759 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
| Å |
114 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
| Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
| |
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
| eV |
111 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Å |
111.699 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
| |
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
| |
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
| Nuklide: |
| |
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
| Be7 |
0% |
7.0169 |
3/2 |
53.28d |
EC |
| Be9 |
100% |
9.0122 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
| Be10 |
0% |
10.0135 |
0 |
2.6E06y |
β- |
|
